Two days after losing a satellite on the launch pad of ambition, AST SpaceMobile got the piece of paper it has chased for years: on April 21 the FCC granted commercial authority for the company to deliver direct-to-device cellular broadband from space across the United States, clearing a 248-satellite constellation and moving satellite-to-phone service from experiment to product. The same week, AT&T opened big-carrier earnings season with strong first quarter results built on bundled fiber and wireless, and Nokia closed out the vendor picture with its own first quarter report. Regulatory green lights, healthy carrier economics, and a recovering equipment market: the industry's spring is running warmer than its winter did.
A week that ended with a jolt. On Sunday morning, Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket delivered its reusable booster back to a landing ship but left AST SpaceMobile's BlueBird 7 satellite in an orbit too low to save, a costly setback for the company racing to build a direct-to-device constellation. Earlier in the week, Ericsson opened the network equipment earnings season with results that showed currency headwinds masking real underlying growth, and the FCC's Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau refreshed the Covered List, the government's roster of communications equipment deemed a national security risk. Space ambition, vendor economics, and security policy all in one week, which is roughly the modern telecom industry in miniature.
Mobile World Congress in Barcelona set the agenda for the entire month, and the loudest story on the keynote stage was not a carrier. SpaceX rebranded its direct-to-cell service as Starlink Mobile, disclosed 10 million monthly active users, and set a target of 25 million by the end of the year. Three days later, T-Mobile's CEO publicly rejected the idea of hosting a Starlink MVNO on his network, which tells you the carriers understood exactly what the rebrand meant. Meanwhile EchoStar closed the book on its fourth-carrier ambitions, reporting year-end results as a self-described hybrid operator that sells spectrum and rides on AT&T's network. On the MVNO side, Juniper Research sized the global market at $54 billion by 2030, and a four-company consortium launched at MWC to industrialize how new MVNOs get to market. Apple rounded out the week with the iPhone 17e, putting Globalstar-powered satellite messaging in a $599 phone.
This week the MVNO economy got a growth forecast and the biggest fiber deal in America got a closing date. Juniper Research published a study on January 12 projecting global MVNO subscribers will climb from 333 million in 2026 to 438 million by 2030, crediting MVNO-in-a-Box platforms for letting enterprises launch mobile services without building telecom stacks. The same day, Keysight and Samsung demonstrated a standards-based 5G non-terrestrial network link in the new n252 band, a milestone for making direct-to-cell a native part of the 5G standard rather than a proprietary bolt-on. And on January 15, Verizon and Frontier announced they had cleared the final regulatory hurdle, setting January 20 as the closing date for the roughly $20 billion acquisition.
The year opened with satellite connectivity dominating both the regulatory docket and the show floor. On January 9, the FCC authorized SpaceX to deploy 7,500 additional Gen2 Starlink satellites, doubling the approved constellation to 15,000 and granting access to new Ku, Ka, V, and W band frequencies. Days earlier at CES 2026 in Las Vegas, direct-to-device connectivity was everywhere, with Skylo named a CES Innovation Awards honoree for bringing two-way satellite emergency messaging to smartwatches, no phone required. Back in Washington, the FCC circulated a draft order on January 8 that would open the 6 GHz band to a new class of high-power geofenced unlicensed devices, a move with real consequences for Wi-Fi offload and IoT deployments.
The year closed with the satellite industry publishing its own report card. On December 31 SpaceX released its third annual Starlink Progress Report, a 75-page account of a breakout year: a completed first-generation direct-to-cell constellation of more than 650 satellites, service in 22 countries across 6 continents, more than 6 million customers, and 27 mobile operator partnerships worldwide. Days earlier, coverage of the FCC's year-end space policy review detailed the mechanics behind the agency's move to higher direct-to-cell power levels, including revisions to the legacy power flux density limits written for a different satellite era. With the FCC's Upper C-band auction rulemaking heading toward a January 5 comment deadline, the quiet holiday week was really a starting line for 2026.
Year-end week delivered a victory lap, a rocket launch, and a regulator's scorecard. T-Mobile published its Un-carrier Unwrapped retrospective on December 22, claiming America's best network title, its strongest quarter in over a decade, and 90 million T-Life installs under new CEO Srini Gopalan. On December 23, AST SpaceMobile launched BlueBird 6 from India, a roughly 2,400 square foot phased array three times larger than its first-generation satellites and the largest commercial communications array ever sent to low Earth orbit. The same day, FCC Chairman Brendan Carr published a list of 75 wins delivered in 2025, confirming among them new frameworks allowing satellite operators to run direct-to-cell services at higher power levels.
The satellite layer of the US network got its commercial charter this week. On December 16 the FCC granted SpaceX and T-Mobile a landmark supplemental coverage from space license, moving direct-to-cell service from experimental authority to a fully commercial framework. The same day, Verizon and Array Digital Infrastructure announced a multi-year partnership giving Verizon streamlined access to Array's portfolio of more than 4,400 towers to accelerate its 5G buildout. And on December 18 the FCC held its final open meeting of the year, adopting a Third Report and Order that tightens VoIP providers' access to phone numbers in its campaign against robocalls, and deleting around 35 obsolete rules from the books.
December opened with a switching war and a spectrum blockbuster. T-Mobile rolled out its AI-powered Easy Switch tool on December 1, letting AT&T and Verizon customers log into their carrier accounts through T-Life and see exactly what switching would save them, and by December 4 AT&T had sued, accusing T-Mobile of illegally scraping its servers. On December 4 the GSMA published its eSIM Compliance Report 2025, the industry's most complete snapshot of certified eUICC products, devices, and platforms across consumer and IoT. And on December 5, the FCC's Wireless and Space Bureaus accepted SpaceX's application for filing to operate a new satellite system delivering supplemental coverage from space over EchoStar's AWS-4 and H Block spectrum, formally starting the clock on one of the biggest spectrum transfers in US history.
The first week of November was a regulator's week with a satellite twist. On November 3 the FCC released its Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on broadband consumer labels, proposing to strip back parts of the labeling regime it finished building only a year earlier and opening a comment window through early December. On November 6 the Commission released its 2025 order on incarcerated people's communications services, revising rate caps and compliance deadlines under the Martha Wright-Reed Act. And on November 7, Vodafone and AST SpaceMobile announced plans for a new European satellite constellation for direct-to-device service, selecting Germany as the site of a sovereign European satellite operations centre for their SatCo joint venture.
Earnings week drew the scoreboard for the third quarter, and the gap between the big three kept widening. T-Mobile reported record customer growth on October 23, with more than a million postpaid phone net additions and raised guidance across the board. AT&T posted a solid 405,000 postpaid phone adds a day earlier, growing steadily on the strength of its fiber and wireless bundle. And over the weekend into Monday, SpaceX passed 10,000 Starlink satellites launched, a scale milestone no other constellation operator is close to matching as it pushes deeper into consumer connectivity and direct-to-cell.
The week Verizon hit reset. On October 6 the company abruptly named former PayPal chief Dan Schulman as CEO, replacing Hans Vestberg effective immediately, a board-driven change aimed at reversing subscriber losses at the largest US carrier by revenue. Two days later, AST SpaceMobile announced a definitive commercial agreement with Verizon to deliver space-based cellular service to Verizon customers starting in 2026, using Verizon's 850 MHz spectrum. All of it played out against a federal government shutdown that began October 1 and closed most of the FCC, furloughing the bulk of its staff and freezing filings, databases, and routine approvals across the industry.
The month closed with a regulator racing the clock. On September 30, hours before federal funding lapsed, the FCC held its September open meeting, adopting a Notice of Inquiry on accelerating wireline infrastructure buildout and continuing its rule-deletion campaign. The same day the Commission formally accepted the SpaceX and EchoStar spectrum assignment applications for filing, starting the public comment clock on the 17 billion dollar transfer. And on October 1, as the government shut down, T-Mobile launched satellite data on T-Satellite, bringing app connectivity from space to dozens of phone models and moving direct-to-cell beyond messaging for the mass market.
Succession and space dominated the week. On September 22 T-Mobile announced that Chief Operating Officer Srini Gopalan will become CEO on November 1, with Mike Sievert moving up to vice chairman after leading the carrier through its Sprint-era transformation into the industry's growth engine. Midweek, SpaceX asked the FCC for authority to launch up to 15,000 additional satellites dedicated to direct-to-cell service using the 2 GHz spectrum it is acquiring from EchoStar. And the commentary wave that followed Apple's eSIM-only iPhone Air crystallized into open industry debate about how quickly the physical SIM should disappear worldwide.
One of the most consequential weeks of the year. On September 8 EchoStar agreed to sell its AWS-4 and H-block spectrum licenses to SpaceX for about 17 billion dollars in cash and stock, a deal that includes a commercial agreement putting Starlink direct-to-cell service in front of Boost Mobile subscribers and effectively ends EchoStar's ambitions as a facilities-based carrier. The next day Apple unveiled the iPhone 17 lineup and the ultra-thin iPhone Air, the first iPhone sold eSIM-only in every market worldwide. By the weekend, preorders for the new lineup were breaking records, led by extraordinary demand in China.
A short holiday week with long-term consequences. On September 2 a federal judge issued the remedies ruling in the Google search antitrust case, stopping short of a breakup and, crucially for the mobile industry, allowing Google to keep paying device makers and carriers for search placement. On September 3 the FCC's competitive bidding rules for the AWS-3 auction took effect, clearing the path for the first US spectrum auction in four years. And T-Mobile spent the week showcasing early satellite data access on Google's new Pixel 10, giving off-grid users app connectivity through Starlink ahead of a broader launch in October.
Space, supply chains, and steady growth defined the week. On August 5 AST SpaceMobile agreed to acquire global S-band spectrum priority rights held under the International Telecommunication Union, deepening its direct-to-device arsenal. On August 6 Apple announced an additional 100 billion dollars in US manufacturing investment, bringing its domestic commitment to 600 billion over four years as tariff pressure reshapes device supply chains. And on August 7 Deutsche Telekom raised its full-year guidance again on the strength of T-Mobile US, underscoring how thoroughly the American market drives the German group's results.
Satellite-to-phone service stopped being a beta this week. On July 23 T-Mobile commercially launched T-Satellite, its Starlink-powered direct-to-cell service, making the US the first major market with broadly available satellite messaging built into a carrier plan, and opened it to rival carriers' customers for ten dollars a month. One day later, Starlink suffered a rare global outage lasting more than two hours, a jarring reminder that the space layer has single points of failure. The same week delivered second quarter earnings from all three national carriers, with T-Mobile posting its best-ever Q2 postpaid growth, Verizon raising full-year guidance, and AT&T beating on wireless while fiber softness drew scrutiny.
The satellite race hit two milestones on the same Monday. On June 23 T-Mobile announced that T-Satellite, its Starlink-powered direct-to-cell service, would exit beta and launch commercially on July 23, with data service for apps to follow in October, putting a date on the industry's most anticipated product. Hours earlier, a ULA Atlas V lifted the second batch of 27 Amazon Project Kuiper satellites into orbit, doubling the constellation as Amazon chases its FCC deployment deadline. And by Friday, EchoStar confirmed the pressure campaign was producing movement, with President Trump publicly urging an amicable resolution between the company and the FCC as grace periods on half a billion dollars in skipped interest neared expiration.
The satellite race answered back, and the spectrum pipeline formally opened. Verizon completed its first satellite-to-cellular video call using AST SpaceMobile's BlueBird satellites on February 24, a direct riposte to T-Mobile's Starlink Super Bowl moment and proof the AST camp can do more than text. At its February 27 meeting the FCC adopted the upper C-band Notice of Inquiry and AWS-3 auction procedures, converting agenda promises into live proceedings and starting the clock on the next mid-band supply wave. And EchoStar closed the books on a difficult 2024, reporting Boost Mobile subscriber progress amid shrinking revenue and the debt overhang that would define its dramatic year ahead.
T-Mobile used the year's biggest stage to make satellite texting a mass-market product. In a Super Bowl commercial on February 9, the carrier announced its Starlink-powered direct-to-device beta was open to everyone, including Verizon and AT&T customers, free until July, an audacious play that turned a network feature into a customer acquisition funnel running inside rival subscriber bases. Within a day, both rivals rushed out their own satellite messaging talking points. In Espoo, Nokia reached outside telecom entirely for its next chief executive, naming Intel data center and AI chief Justin Hotard to replace Pekka Lundmark, the clearest statement yet that the vendor sees its future in AI infrastructure rather than radio access alone.
The satellite era got a signup page. T-Mobile opened beta registration for its Starlink direct-to-cell service on December 16, inviting ordinary customers to test satellite texting on the phones already in their pockets, while the same day in Brussels the SpaceRISE consortium signed the 10.6 billion euro concession to build IRIS2, Europe's sovereign answer to the constellations it does not control. Two days later CISA told the government's most targeted people to stop trusting carrier voice and SMS altogether and move to end-to-end encrypted apps, the bluntest official verdict yet on the Salt Typhoon aftermath. And SoftBank's Masayoshi Son stood next to the president-elect and pledged 100 billion dollars for American AI infrastructure, the kind of number that eventually lands on networks.
The dead zone got a death sentence. The FCC issued its first-ever license for supplemental coverage from space, authorizing SpaceX's Starlink satellites to serve ordinary T-Mobile phones over the carrier's own spectrum, the moment satellite-to-phone service went from experiment to regulated commercial reality. The same day, half a world away, Huawei launched the Mate 70, its first phones running an operating system with no Android ancestry, and by Thursday Australia had passed the world's first law banning under-16s from social media, dropping the age-verification problem into every platform's lap.
Device week doubled as a preview of the industry's two next battlegrounds. Apple introduced the iPhone 16 line as its first hardware 'built for Apple Intelligence' — betting the upgrade cycle on AI features that would arrive in stages — while Huawei answered within hours, unveiling a $2,800 tri-fold phone that sold out its pre-order list in China and flaunted how far the sanctioned giant has clawed back. And far above the phones, AST SpaceMobile put its first five commercial BlueBird satellites into orbit — the largest commercial communications arrays ever flown, and the first pieces of a carrier-partnered answer to Starlink's direct-to-cell push.
August closed with the state flexing on the network stack from two directions. Brazil's Supreme Court ordered X suspended nationwide after Musk refused to appoint a legal representative — and reached for Starlink's assets to enforce it, entangling a satellite network in a social-media fight. In Washington, the FCC finalized the framework for its $9 billion 5G Fund, redirecting rural subsidy money toward mobile broadband in the places carriers won't build on their own. And Verizon quietly opened a new front in the satellite race, launching direct-to-device text messaging with Skylo — making satellite connectivity a live consumer feature on all three national carriers' roadmaps.
The AI assistant wars went head-to-head: OpenAI launched GPT-4o — a faster, free, voice-native model — one day before Google I/O answered with Gemini woven through search, Android, and everything else. Between them, the two events sketched the future of the phone as a conversational device. The week's quietest story may age the best: AT&T signed a definitive commercial agreement with AST SpaceMobile, moving space-based cellular from science project toward product. And the FCC used a new enforcement tool for the first time, branding the 'Royal Tiger' robocall operation as a formally designated threat group.
The satellites launched the previous week found their voice: SpaceX and T-Mobile exchanged the first text messages ever sent through Starlink's direct-to-cell constellation to ordinary smartphones — six days from launch to working service. In Washington, the SEC's X account was hijacked to post a fake bitcoin-ETF approval that moved billions in market value before the real approval landed a day later — a compromised phone number, not a platform hack, and the agency had no multi-factor authentication enabled. And OpenAI opened the GPT Store, its app-store moment, betting that custom chatbots become a platform economy with revenue sharing to follow.
2024 opened with a rocket: SpaceX launched its first six direct-to-cell Starlink satellites — orbital cell towers designed to text ordinary phones through T-Mobile's spectrum — firing the starting gun on the satellite-to-phone race that would run all year. Apple started its year in the market's penalty box, sliding on a rare Barclays downgrade over soft iPhone demand — the first tremor in a quarter of China worries. And 23andMe rang in the new year by telling 6.9 million breach victims the incident was their own fault for reusing passwords, an instant case study in how not to handle disclosure.